Weight Regain Genetics: How to Lose Weight Fast and Keep it Off Naturally

Understanding the Genetic Factors Contributing to Weight Regain: A Review of the Latest Research and Implications for Weight Loss Interventions

Obesity is a significant health issue, increasing the risk of numerous chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea, cancer, depression, and infertility ( 1 ) Interestingly, despite half of all adults worldwide attempting to lose weight ( 2 ), the prevalence of obesity has doubled in 73 countries since 1980 ( 3 ) and surpassed 50 % in several nations ( 1 ) The increase in obesity not only affects individual health but also brings a substantial economic burden on both developed and developing countries ( 3,4 )

One factor that hampers the decreasing trend of obesity is weight regain In fact, about half of the lost weight is regained within the first year following weight loss, with this trend continuing thereafter ( 5,6 ) By the 3- to 5 - year period post - weight reduction, approximately 85 % of individuals have returned to or exceeded their initial weight ( 5,6 )

While various factors associated with weight regain have been extensively explored, such as large initial weight loss, high levels of orexigenic peptides after weight loss, increased consumption of high glycaemic index food and beverages, low exercise levels, sedentary activities, infrequent self - weighing, internal disinhibition of eating, and dichotomous thinking ( 7,8 ), one crucial aspect that remains unexplored is the relationship between weight regain and genetics

The genetic component in obesity plays a substantial role, with heritability estimates for BMI and the development of obesity ranging from 40 to 80 % ( 13,14 ) Genetic polymorphisms are believed to be one of the key determinants of weight regain following successful weight loss A genetic polymorphism refers to the inheritance of a trait controlled by a single genetic locus with two alleles, where the least common allele has a frequency of about 1 % or greater ( 15 )

In this article, we delve into genetic polymorphisms associated with weight regain in adults and children who have undergone successful weight loss By understanding these associations, we can identify genetic polymorphisms in patients undergoing weight loss interventions to estimate their risks of weight regain This information could guide physicians and dietitians in tailoring the most appropriate strategies for weight loss and maintenance for each patient

References: British Journal of Nutrition (2020), 124, 809–823

Uncovering the Genetic Code: 31 Genetic Polymorphisms Linked to Weight Regain and Their Implications for Obesity Treatment

In this article, we delve into the fascinating world of genetic polymorphisms and their role in weight regain, a critical issue for those struggling with obesity and weight loss To ensure we uncover the most recent insights, our team conducted an extensive literature search using PubMed, a comprehensive database, spanning from its inception up until April 2020

Only articles written in English were considered to maintain clarity and consistency in our findings

Using a strategic blend of keywords, such as ' weight regain ', ' gene ', and ' obese ', we honed in on the most relevant research pieces pertaining to our topic of interest

We didn't want to cast too wide a net, as our goal was to focus on the gold nuggets of information that would truly enlighten our understanding After painstakingly sifting through the findings, we managed to identify no less than thirty - one genetic polymorphisms across twenty different genes that have been linked to weight regain. To make this complex data more manageable and easier to digest, we organized these polymorphisms according to their respective functions :

• Nutrient metabolism: >This category includes genetic variations that influence how our bodies process and utilize nutrients. Understanding these can help us tailor dietary strategies for individuals struggling with weight regain
• Food intake and energy expenditure: These polymorphisms impact factors such as appetite regulation, food cravings, and metabolic rate. By targeting these areas, we can potentially develop more effective weight loss interventions
• Adipocyte differentiation: These genetic variations control the development and functioning of fat cells By understanding how they contribute to weight regain, we can explore novel ways to manage obesity
• Inflammation, extracellular matrix, and bone metabolism: These areas are less directly related to weight gain but play crucial roles in overall health and wellness. By examining the impact of these polymorphisms on inflammation, tissue structure, and bone density, we can gain a more holistic understanding of obesity and weight regain.

By breaking down the data in this way, we hope to provide you with a clear, engaging, and easy-to-understand overview of the latest research on genetic polymorphisms and their role in weight regain

Stay tuned for more insights as we continue to explore this fascinating field!

How Genetic Variations Impact Weight Regain and Obesity?

In the realm of weight management, understanding the role of nutrient metabolism - related genes is crucial in combating obesity and preventing weight regain A significant finding reveals that the levels of specific nutrient - associated metabolites in plasma vary significantly between lean individuals and those struggling with obesity These metabolites encompass branched - chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, NEFA ( Non - Esoteric Fatty Acids ), and intermediates of fatty acid oxidation and branched - chain amino acid catabolism(16) Delving deeper into skeletal muscle, a study unearthed lower levels of citric acid cycle metabolites - the end products of nutrient metabolism - in rats with obesity compared to their lean counterparts(17)

This discovery was further reinforced by an observation that the transition from fat to carbohydrate utilization within the skeletal muscle during the fasted - to - fed transition was impaired in rats with obesity(17)

These findings underscore the notion that obesity is linked to alterations in nutrient metabolism Moreover, this research paves the way for investigating genetic polymorphisms - variations in genes associated with weight loss and obesity weight regain. By understanding these gene variations, we can devise targeted strategies to combat obesity and minimize the risk of weight regain after successful weight loss efforts.

It 's like having a roadmap that guides us toward a healthier lifestyle, tailored to our unique genetic makeup

The Complex Landscape of Genes Influencing Weight Regain in Obesity

It's fascinating to learn about the genetic factors that influence weight loss and obesity, particularly when it comes to weight regain

A variety of genes, such as perilipin (PLIN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leptin, PPARγ2, protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K), β-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), IL-6 and glucocorticoid receptor (GRL), have been linked to weight regain For instance, PLIN coats intracellular lipid droplets and regulates adipocyte lipolysis

Studies have shown that specific alleles of PLIN1, PLIN4, PLIN5, and PLIN7 are associated with lower BMI and body fat in males and females differently This suggests that these genes may play a role in the prevention or mitigation of weight regain in an sex - specific manner BDNF, a protein influencing various cell types involved in glucose metabolism, has been linked to obesity Carrying the G allele of rs6265 SNP of the BDNF gene seems to increase the risk of weight regain after successful weight loss through lifestyle intervention, but not in bariatric surgery cases

This suggests that the effects of this polymorphism on weight regain may not be persistent or that a longer - term study is needed Leptin, another key player in glucose and lipid metabolism, has been found to decrease glucose production and fat accumulation in the liver and increase insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle The G allele of rs4731426 SNP was positively associated with weight regain, while the C allele of rs2071045 SNP was negatively associated

Furthermore, a multivariate parsimonious model including these SNPs showed a significant association with weight regain PPARγ2, a transcription factor regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, has been inconsistently linked to weight regain in different populations The relationship between PPARγ2 rs1801282 and weight regain seems to be affected by factors such as diet, bariatric surgery, and sex hormones

Further investigation is required to clarify the relationships between PPARγ2, oestrogen receptors, and weight regain PPM1 K encodes for a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of branched - chain α - ketoacids from branched - chain amino acids At 24 months after the intervention, the C allele of rs1440581 SNP was related to smaller weight reduction in subjects with obesity who received a high - fat diet, suggesting a gene - diet interaction on weight maintenance and increased risk of weight regain following high - fat diet intervention

ADRB2 plays crucial roles in lipid and glucose metabolism by modulating lipolysis and insulin secretion Masuo and colleagues found that males with rebound weight gain had a significantly higher frequency of the Gly16 ( G ) allele compared to those who could maintain their weight loss

IL-6 affects glucose and lipid metabolism in various ways, including decreased glucose uptake into adipocytes and increased lipolysis The C allele of rs1800795 ( – 174 G > C ) SNP of the IL-6 gene has been found to protect against weight regain Furthermore, the presence of this allele in combination with the G ( Ala ) allele of the rs1801282 SNP of the PPARγ2 gene was shown to improve weight maintenance

Finally, GRL, a transcription factor that regulates glucocorticoid - induced gene expression, has been linked to successful weight maintenance through the Bcl1 ( rs41423247 ) RFLP In summary, understanding the genetic factors associated with weight regain can help us develop more effective strategies for weight management and obesity prevention By unraveling these complex relationships, we can work towards creating personalized treatment plans that cater to each individual 's unique genetic makeup

A Guide to Preventing Weight Regain in Your Personal Weight Loss Journey

• 1. The BDNF Gene: Your HungerSuppressing Helper Understanding its role in weight regain and how to boost its power
• 2. Leptin: The Satiety Superstar Identifying key SNPs linked to weight regain and strategies for staying satisfied
• 3. The FTO Gene: A DoubleEdged Sword Navigating the complex relationship between genetics, food intake, and obesity
• 4. DRD2: The Reward Regulator Genetic insights into emotional eating and weight regain in young adults
• 5. KCTD15: Eating Behaviors Master Key Tackling weight regain with the G alleles influence on appetite and reward
• 6. TMEM18: The Appetite Activator Outsmarting weight regain through understanding the role of this gene in your eating habits
• 7. ADRB2: The Energy Expenditure Enforcer Boosting lipolysis, catecholamines, and preventing weight regain in Japanese males
• 8. IL6: The Sympathetic System Shaper Weight regain prevention strategies based on the C alleles impact on energy expenditure
• 9. NEGR1: The Hunger Hacker Achieving successful longterm weight loss with the A alleles influence on food intake in the hypothalamus
• 10. MTIF3: The Mitochondrial Master Tailoring your lifestyle interventions for a lower risk of weight regain through this genes energy balance role.

If you 're battling weight regain after a successful weight loss journey, you might want to pay attention to your genes ! Various genetic polymorphisms, or variations in your DNA, have been linked to the ability to maintain that hard - earned weight loss Let 's take a look at some of these obesity - related genes and their connection with weight regain :

1. Brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ): This gene helps suppress food intake by acting on neurons in the hypothalamus, the region of the brain that regulates feeding behaviors A study demonstrated an association between the G allele of the rs6265 SNP of the BDNF gene and weight regain following weight loss

2. Leptin: This hormone promotes satiety by acting on neurons in the hypothalamus Several SNPs of the leptin gene, such as rs4731426, rs2071045, rs3828942, rs11763517, and rs11760956, have been linked to weight regain

3. Fat mass and obesity - associated protein ( FTO ): This gene has been associated with increased food intake and obesity While the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 SNP was positively associated with weight regain in some studies, the results were inconsistent, particularly in postmenopausal females who may have experienced hormonal changes affecting FTO 's impact on weight regain

4. Dopamine receptor D2 ( DRD2 ): This gene is involved in the circuit of food reward and emotional eating. The A1 allele of the rs1800497 SNP of the DRD2 gene was linked to greater weight regain during the weight maintenance phase, but only in young adults

5. K channel tetramerisation domain containing 15 ( KCTD15 ): This gene plays a crucial role in the regulation of eating behavior and reward. The G allele of the rs29941 SNP of the KCTD15 gene was positively correlated with weight regain in subjects who underwent an intensive lifestyle modification program.

6. Transmembrane protein 18 ( TMEM18 ): Loss of TMEM18 expression leads to increased appetite, and the C allele of the rs6548238 SNP was positively associated with weight regain in subjects who underwent an intensive lifestyle modification program

7. Adenosine receptor 2A ( ADRB2 ): This gene modulates lipolysis and energy expenditure via catecholamines. The Gly16 ( G ) allele of the rs1042713 SNP of the ADRB2 gene was positively related to weight regain in Japanese males

8. Interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ): IL-6 influences energy expenditure through various mechanisms, including actions in the hypothalamic pituitary - adrenal axis and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The C allele of the rs1800795 SNP of the IL-6 gene was associated with weight regain

9. Neuronal growth regulator 1 ( NEGR1 ): This gene impacts food intake in the hypothalamus. The A allele of the rs2815752 SNP of the NEGR1 gene was negatively associated with weight regain irrespective of treatment arms

10. Mitochondrial translational initiation factor 3 ( MTIF3 ): This gene promotes the formation of the initiation complex on the mitochondrial 55S ribosome, essential for energy balance in the mitochondria. The G allele of the MTIF3 rs1885988 was associated with greater weight loss following a lifestyle intervention over 4 years of follow - up, implying a lower risk of weight regain

In summary, by understanding these genetic polymorphisms and their role in food intake, energy expenditure, and weight maintenance, you may be able to tailor your lifestyle interventions to maximize your chances of long - term success in keeping off those unwanted pounds !

The Role of Adipocyte Differentiation Genes in Obesity Management and Prevention

Adipocytes are the key players in regulating body weight, and obesity, characterized by excessive adipose tissue, is a condition that affects millions worldwide(77 ) The creation of new fat cells involves two steps : first, the multiplication of preadipocytes, followed by their transformation into mature fat cells, a process known as adipocyte differentiation(78, 79 ) This transformation plays a pivotal role in determining body weight and obesity

Research has uncovered certain genetic polymorphisms associated with weight regain that are linked to adipocyte differentiation - related genes, such as BDNF, PPARγ2, TMEM18, and NEGR1(30, 81 ) A compilation of these relevant studies can be found in Table 3 in British Journal of Nutrition (2020), 124, 809–823 For instance, a study showed that BDNF gene expression decreases during adipocyte differentiation, and suppressing BDNF hinders this process(80 )

Additionally, the G allele of the rs6265 SNP within the BDNF gene has been associated with weight regain as previously discussed in ' Nutrient metabolism - related genes and their association with weight regain'(80 ) PPARγ2 is a crucial master regulator of adipocyte differentiation(30, 81 ), and the effect of PPARγ2 polymorphisms on weight regain has been primarily focused on the rs1801282 SNP However, the findings have proven to be inconsistent as previously pointed out in ' Nutrient metabolism - related genes and their association with weight regain'(81 ) Furthermore, TMEM18 knockdown impedes adipocyte differentiation(80 ), and Delahanty et al demonstrated that the TMEM18 rs6548238 SNP exhibits a treatment - specific impact on weight regain(23 )

In other words, individuals who underwent an intensive lifestyle modification program showed a positive correlation between the C allele of this SNP and weight regain Contrasting BDNF, NEGR1 gene expression increases during adipocyte differentiation, but suppressing NEGR1 also inhibits this process(80 ) Previous studies have revealed a negative correlation between the A allele of the rs2815752 SNP within the NEGR1 gene and weight regain regardless of treatment arms(23 )

To sum up, accumulated evidence suggests that there is a connection between adipocyte differentiation and weight regain mediated by genetic polymorphisms related to adipocyte differentiation ( BDNF, PPARγ2, TMEM18, and NEGR1 ) ( 23 )

By gaining a deeper understanding of these associations, we can potentially develop more effective strategies for managing obesity and preventing weight regain in individuals undergoing weight loss programs

Unveiling the Genetic Puzzle: The Role of Polymorphisms in Weight Regain and Obesity Recovery

• 1. Obesity as a Chronic Inflammatory State: The AdiposeBone Axis Connection Inflammations Impact on Adipocytes and Extracellular Matrix Synthesis IL6 Oversecretion and Weight Regain Associations Bone Metabolism and Body Weight Regulation: Osteocalcin and Osteopontin Insights The Link Between Fat Mass, Lean Mass, and Bone Health
• 2. Genetic Polymorphisms and the Weight Regain Enigma InflammationRelated IL6 SNP and Weight Regain Associations Extracellular Matrix Gene Variants Impacting Weight Maintenance SexSpecific Effects of POSTN, COL23A1, FBLN1, LAMB1, and FN1 SNPs
• 3. Bone Metabolism Signaling Pathways and Weight Regain: The RANK Connection TNFRSF11A rs17069904 and Successful Weight Loss Implications for Lowering the Risk of Weight Regain
• 4. The Road Ahead: Harnessing Genetic Knowledge to Combat LongTerm Weight Issues Delving Deeper into the Connection Between Polymorphisms, Obesity, and Weight Regain Developing Effective Strategies for Maintaining LongTerm Weight Loss

Obesity is a chronic inflammatory state, triggered by NEFA-induced activation of inflammatory pathways (82,83)

This inflammation leads to an increase in extracellular matrix synthesis and a decrease in its degradation, resulting in excessive deposition and remodeling, particularly in adipocytes (84,85) Interestingly, bone metabolism is also connected to body fat and lean mass ( 86 ), with recent findings suggesting that bone acts as an endocrine organ affecting body weight regulation via osteocalcin and osteopontin (86) The connection between weight regain and genetic polymorphisms of inflammation, extracellular matrix, and bone metabolism - related genes is a burgeoning area of research

IL-6, an inflammatory mediator, is oversecreted in response to excessive macronutrients in adipose tissue ( 82 ) A previous study demonstrated an association between the C allele of the rs1800795 ( – 174 G > C ) SNP of the IL-6 gene and weight regain ( 32 ), as previously described in ' Nutrient metabolism related genes and their association with weight regain ' In a recent study, Roumans and colleagues investigated the effects of one hundred and twenty - four extracellular matrix - related genes on weight regain, revealing six SNPs ( males ) and one SNP ( females ) that were significantly associated with the weight maintenance score ( 87 ) The risks of weight regain in males were increased in C - allele carriers of three SNPs ( rs7323378, rs9547947, and rs9315503 ) of the POSTN gene, A - allele carriers of the COL23A1 rs2672826, A - allele carriers of the FBLN1 rs12589592, and A - allele carriers of the LAMB1 rs2158836 ( 87 ) In females, the risk of weight regain was higher in A - allele carriers of the FN1 rs17516906 ( 87 ) These findings support the sex - specific effects of extracellular matrix - related genes on weight regain

TNFRSF11A, or more commonly known as RANK, is a key player in a signaling pathway that regulates bone metabolism ( 89 ) A previous study revealed that the A allele of TNFRSF11A rs17069904 was associated with greater weight loss in subjects who received intensive lifestyle intervention - induced weight reduction at 4 years of follow - up ( 90 ) The implication is that the A allele of TNFRSF11A rs17069904 may be related to a lower risk of weight regain. In summary, genetic polymorphisms associated with inflammation, extracellular matrix, and bone metabolism appear to play significant roles in both obesity and weight regain following successful weight loss It 's crucial to delve deeper into these associations to develop more effective strategies for maintaining long - term weight loss

Unraveling the Genetic Knot: A DecadeLong Journey into Weight Regain in Obesity

• 1. The Genetic Landscape of Weight Loss Struggles: An Overview Genes as Command Centers: A Closer Look The Role of Genetics in LongTerm Weight Maintenance: Current Understandings and Challenges
• 2. Shining a Light on the Dark Corners: Epigenetics, Behavior, and Psychology Accounting for Human Factors: Behavioral and Psychological Aspects in Weight Regain The Intersection of Genetics and Human Behaviors: A Holistic Approach to Weight Management
• 3. The Puzzle Unravels: Comparing Gene Polymorphisms Impact on Weight Regain Deciphering the Complexity: Identifying Key Players in Weight Regain The Great Debate: Which Genes Matter Most?
• 4. Bridging the Gap: Translating Research into Clinical Practice Customized Advice for Every Patient: Personalizing Weight Loss Interventions A Step Towards a Leaner Society: The Potential Impact on Obesity and Associated Diseases
• 5. The Road Ahead: Future Studies and the Path to Discovery Rounding Out Our Knowledge: Epigenetics, DNA Methylation, and PostTranscriptional Modifications Unraveling the Mysteries of Weight Regain: Laying the Foundation for Targeted Interventions

It seems that our genetic makeup might play a significant role in our struggles with weight loss, particularly when it comes to obesity. A growing body of research suggests that certain genetic polymorphisms are linked to the regain of weight after successful weight loss. These genes are like tiny command centers, controlling various aspects of our bodies, such as nutrient metabolism, food intake regulation, energy expenditure, adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, and even bone metabolism - all crucial factors in obesity. However, the impact of each genetic polymorphism on weight regain is still somewhat unclear due to the limited duration of follow - up in most studies.

To better understand the role of genetics in long - term weight maintenance, we need more comprehensive and long - term studies These studies should focus on twins and siblings, aiming to pinpoint the contribution of each genetic polymorphism in weight regain The ultimate goal is to validate the clinical significance of genetic testing for weight loss interventions Interestingly, not all genes affect weight regain in the same way - some are intervention-specific, age-specific, sex-specific, oestrogen status-specific, or insulin sensitivity status-specific This complexity makes it controversial which gene polymorphisms have the most significant impact on weight regain, necessitating further studies to compare the effect sizes of these polymorphisms directly

While previous studies have identified correlations between genetic polymorphisms and weight regain after adjusting for several factors like age, sex, ethnicity, study site, method of weight loss, and baseline anthropometry, they often overlooked behavioral and psychological factors. These aspects, such as the degree of weight reduction, motivation, stress levels, and emotional eating patterns, have been associated with weight regain (7–12) Future studies should account for these factors to gain a more holistic understanding of how genetics intertwine with human behaviors in weight management. Furthermore, epigenetics could also be a key player in the game, influencing weight regain through DNA methylation and post - transcriptional modifications. Research focusing on the relationship between these mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms ' impacts on long - term weight maintenance is needed to round out our knowledge in this area. If we can unravel these mysteries, physicians and dietitians might be able to tailor their advice for each patient, leading to a decrease in obesity prevalence, reduced risks of associated diseases and mortality, and a lighter financial burden on society